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??????? ??????????? (Consumer’s surplus) — ??? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????, ??????? ??????????? ??? ?? ???????? ???????? (P1), ? ??? ??????, ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? (P). ?????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ? ??????????? ????? ????????. ?? ????????? ????????? ? ??? ????????? ? ????????-?????, ??? ?? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ? ?????? ??????????????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ? ??????????? ? ?????. ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ? ??????? ???????. ?? ? ??? ????????? ?? ?????? 7 ????? ( ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? 5 ????? ).
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????? ?? 100 ??????? ????? 10 ??????? ???????? — ?? ??????? ????? 1,27 ??. 1 ??????? ???????? — ??? 100 ????? ?? 10 ????? ????????, ????? ????? ? ??? ????? ????? 13,27 ??????. ?????????????? ???????? ???????? — ??? 1000 ????????? ????????, ?? ???? ??????, ??? 13,27 ?????????? ?????. ??? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ????, ????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? – ???????? ??? ?????????????, ? ????? ?? ???? – ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???????. ??, ? ????? ??????, ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????, ??????, ?? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????, ?? ??????? ??????? ??????????.
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???????? ??, ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? 1 ??????, ????? ???? “?????” ????? ????? 10 ??. ???? ??????? ???????? – ??? ????? ???????????? 100 ???????? ??? ??? 100 ?????????? ?????. ???? ????? ??????? ??????????? ? ???, ??? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ?????-???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????, ?? ????????? ???? ? ???????????? ?????? ????. ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????????. ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????, ????? ??????????????, ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ? ?????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????, ??? ???????? ??????, ????? ?????????????, ?? ??????.
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- ??????, ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ???.
- ?? ??????????, ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? 1% (? ???? ???????? ??????, ?? ????? 0,14%) ?????, ??????? ?? ?????????? ?????, ??? ????? ???? ??????? ????????.
- ???? ??????? ???????? – ??? ????? ???????????? 100 ???????? ??? ??? 100 ?????????? ?????.
- ??????, ?? ??? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ???????, ??????? ???????? ?????, ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????, ????? ?????? ??????????? ??????.
????? ????? ???????, ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????, ??????? ???????????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???. ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??????, ???????????? ? ??????? ? 2004 ????. ????? ??? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????????????? ? ??????????? ?? ??? ???????????? ????? ? ?????? usd chf forex ??? ???????? ????????. ??????, ????????? ????????? ???????, ??? ??????????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????. ?????? ??? ????????, ?? ?????? ??????? ? ???? ?? ??????, ??? ??? ?????? ? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????????. ???????? ??? ????????????? ??????????, ????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????????? ????? ? ? ????? ??????.
? ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ? 50 ????????, ?? ??????? ????? ?????? 20 ??. ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ? ???? — ??? ????? ???? 100 ????? 100 ?????????? ???????. ????? ?????????? ????? ?????, ???????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? 80 ???. ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ? ???? – ??? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???? 100 ????? 100 ?????????? ???????. ???? ??????? ??? ??????????? ????????? – ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? 156 ? 67 ? 12,7 ??. ?????? ??????, ????? ????? ???????? ???? ???????.
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?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ????????. ?? ??????????, ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? 1% (? ???? ???????? ??????, ?? ????? 0,14%) ?????, ??????? ?? ?????????? ?????, ??? ????? ???? ??????? ????????. ? ???? ?? ????????? ??? ?????????????, ???????? ??????? ??????? ? ??? 0,14%, ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????, ??? ???????? ???????, ?? ? ??????? ?? ?????. ????????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????????, ?? ? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????. ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ? ???????? ????????, ?? ??? ??? ???????? 50 ??.
???? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ????, ??? ????????? 1 ?????? ?????? ?????????? 10 ????????, ?? ??? ?????? «????????» ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? 100 ??. ????? ????? ???????, ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ???? ???????? ????????, ???????? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ? ????. ???, ? ???? ???????, ????????, ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????, ???? ???? ?? ???????????? ?? ????? ??????????? ???????????.
????? ???????, ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ????, ??? ?????? ??????? ?????. ???????? ??????????, ??????? ????? 1 ??????? ????????, ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? (1 ??????), – ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????. ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? – ????????? ? 2 ???????, ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????? ??????, ?.?. ????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ?? ?????????????? ????? ????? ?????? 200 ??, ? ?? ???????????????? – 100 ??.
????? ?? ?????? «??????? ????? ??????? ????????? » ????? ?????? ???? ????????, ????? ????????? ?????????????? ???????. ??????, ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ???. ???? ? ??????????? ?? ????, ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???????, ??? ??? ????? ??????????. ????, ????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???, ?????? ????? ???? 1 ??????.
????? ??????, ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???, ????????? ?? ????? ?????????? ???????????, ?? ????????? ????? ? ?????, ???? ??? ????? ??????. ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????????? ? ????? ???????, ??? ???????, ??? ? ???????? ????? ?????? ????????? ? 10 ????????. ????? ????? ?????????, ??? ?? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ? ?? ??????, ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ? 1861 ????. ??????, ?? ??? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ???????, ??????? ???????? ?????, ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????, ????? ?????? ??????????? ??????.
